CHEMIST

What is this job like?

Chemicals are a big part of the physical world around us. Everything is made of chemicals. Chemists and materials scientists find ways to make chemicals useful to us. They also try to improve things that people use daily, such as paint, medicine, and cosmetics, as well as cars and airplanes. Chemists also search for new chemicals in nature. They search for ways to save energy and reduce pollution. Their research on living things helps doctors, farmers, and food preparers do their jobs better.

Part of a chemist's job is to search for new facts about chemicals. Some chemists watch what happens when they mix two or more chemicals together. They explain what they might see, smell, or feel. Chemists use computers to conduct experiments and analyze the results. They write down the results and report them to others. From their research, they can create new products. Chemists can also improve products we already have and show us new ways to use them. Chemists specialize in one of the many different types of chemistry.

Some chemists and materials scientists work in factories. They tell plant workers which ingredients to use to make a chemical. They also tell the workers how long to mix chemicals and how hot or cold the mixture should be. They watch the whole process to make sure that they get the right product at the end. They test samples to make sure they meet industry and government rules.

Chemists and materials scientists usually work regular hours in offices and laboratories. Labs have all sorts of equipment to do experiments. Research chemists spend most of their time in labs. Sometimes they work in offices when they have to write reports on their lab work. Some of the large labs have factories or places where workers make examples of the real products. For example, materials scientists may work closely with engineers and other workers in manufacturing facilities. Chemists may also do some of their research in a factory or outdoors. For example, when they go outside, they can get samples of the air to test for pollution. Some chemists work around dangerous chemicals. They have to wear protective clothing and follow rules to keep them safe on their jobs.

How do you get ready?

To become a chemist, a person needs to have a bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related subject. Materials scientists need a college degree in materials science, or chemistry, physics, or electrical engineering. However, chemists and materials scientists usually need a Ph.D. for research jobs.

Students who want to become chemists or materials scientists tend to enjoy science and math in school. They also like to build things with their hands and experiment with different objects. Students must be willing to work hard and independently, ask a lot of questions, and focus on details. They must be willing to work by themselves. Students should learn how to work on the computer.

Some employers need chemists and materials scientists who know about other subjects in the business field. They also need people who can be leaders. Reading, writing, and speaking skills are also important.

How much does this job pay?

Earnings of chemists depend in part on the amount of schooling a person has. According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, beginning salary offers in July 2007 for graduates with bachelor’s degrees in chemistry averaged $41,506 a year. In 2006, the middle half of all chemists earned between $44,780 and $82,610 a year. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $35,480 a year. The highest-paid 10 percent earned over $106,310 a year.

How many jobs are there?

Chemists and materials scientists held about 93,000 jobs in 2006. About 4 out of 10 jobs were in manufacturing firms. A lot of the firms were in the chemical manufacturing industry. This industry produces plastics and synthetic materials, drugs, soaps and cleaners, paints, industrial organic chemicals, and other chemical products. Others work for scientific research and development firms. Some find jobs in Federal, State, and local governments. In addition, thousands of chemists teach in high schools and colleges and universities.

Chemists and materials scientists are employed in all parts of the United States. Most of them work in cities that have a lot of different industries.

What about the future?

Employment of chemists and materials scientists is expected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations through 2016. There will be job openings in industries that sell things that a lot of people need or want to buy, like medicine. In other industries, it will be harder for a chemist to get a job, especially when the economy is not doing well.

Employers are especially looking for chemists and materials scientists who have a master's or Ph.D. degree. Those with only a bachelor's degree might find a job as a research assistant.

Are there other jobs like this?

• Agricultural and food scientists
• Astronomers
• Biological scientists
• Chemical engineers
• Medical scientists
• Physicists
• Science technicians (chemical technicians)

Source BLS

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST

What is this job like? Environmental scientists find and fix pollution and other environmental problems. They figure out what is in the air, water, and soil to make sure that the environment is safe. They also give advice on how to clean the environment. For example, they might design a safe way to get rid of trash. Some of these workers mix environmental science with other sciences, such as chemistry or biology. Environmental chemists find out if different chemicals hurt the environment. Environmental biologists focus on protecting animals and plants. Some environmental scientists help to make laws about protecting the environment. They also help companies follow the laws. Environmental scientists work in laboratories and offices. They also work outside, taking measurements. They use math and computers. Environmental scientists sometimes work long hours. Some travel to far away places in trucks and helicopters. They might dig dirt, chip rocks, or do other physical things. Scientists who look for oil often work in foreign countries. In addition to doing science, many of these workers write reports and help find money for their projects. How do you get ready?

All of these workers need a college degree. Most need an advanced degree—either a master's, which takes 1 or 2 more years after finishing college, or a doctoral degree, which takes longer.

In college, these workers study geography, environmental science, chemistry, biology, earth science, and physics. They also study math and statistics so that they can understand measurements and data. People who want to make laws about protecting the environment also take law classes.

In addition to taking classes, scientists have to learn how to work with other people. They also need to practice speaking and writing so that they will be able to explain their research.

Workers also need computer skills. And they need to know about the latest tools and technology for studying the earth.

Students can start getting ready by taking science, math, and computer classes. They can also read books about rocks, the earth, and the environment.

How much does this job pay?

The middle half of all environmental scientists earned between $42,840 and $74,480 in 2006. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $34,590. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $94,670.

How many jobs are there?

Environmental scientists held about 83,000 jobs in 2006. Many worked for governments. Others worked for science and engineering companies, oil and gas companies, and other places. Some had their own businesses.

What about the future?

The number of jobs for environmental scientists is expected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations through 2016. That's because people want the environment to be cleaner, and more businesses and governments will hire these scientists to help do that.

Are there other jobs like this?

• Astronomers
• Atmospheric scientists
• Chemists
• Engineering technicians
• Mathematicians
• Petroleum engineers
• Physicists
• Science technicians

Source BLS

CIVIL ENGINEER

What is this job like?

Civil engineers design things. These might be roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, or water supply and sewage systems. They must consider many factors in their designs, from the costs to making sure the structure will stay intact during bad weather. This is one of the oldest types of engineering.

Many civil engineers manage people and projects. A civil engineer may oversee a construction site or be a city engineer. Others may work in design, construction, research, and teaching. There are many specialties within civil engineering, such as structural, construction, environment, and transportation.

Civil engineers usually work in areas that are industry and business centers. Often they work at construction sites. Sometimes they work in places that are far away from cities. Most engineers work a 40-hour week. Some are required to travel.

How do you get ready?

A bachelor's degree in engineering is needed for almost all entry-level engineering jobs. College grads with a degree in a science or mathematics may get some jobs. A civil engineer must get a license from the State to offer services directly to the public. A license requires 4 years of relevant work experience and passing an exam. Beginning engineers often work under an experienced engineer to get their required work experience. To teach engineering, a graduate degree, like a Ph.D., is needed.

Getting into engineering school requires a strong report card in math and science, and courses in English, social studies, and computers. Also, some schools prepare an engineer to get a job after graduation while others prepare an engineer for graduate school. It is a good idea to learn about the school before you attend.

In a typical college, the first 2 years are for studying math, science, engineering basics, the arts, and social sciences. In the last 2 years, most courses are in engineering, mostly in a single branch. Civil engineering is one of the more common branches of engineering.

Engineers should be creative, curious, analytical, and detail-oriented. They should be able to work as part of a team. People skills are important. This is because engineers often work with people in a wide range of fields.

How much does this job pay?

The middle half of all civil engineers earned between $54,520 and $86,260 per year in 2006. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $44,810. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $104,420.

According to a 2007 salary survey, people with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering started at $48,509 a year on average. People with a master's degree started at $48,280 a year. People with a Ph.D. started at $62,275 a year.

How many jobs are there?

Civil engineers held about 256,000 jobs in 2006. Almost half worked for firms that did architectural, engineering, and related services work. Mostly they came up with designs for new construction projects. Almost one-third were in some level of government. The rest mostly worked in the construction industry.

What about the future?

It is expected that civil engineer jobs will increase faster than average through 2016. More civil engineers will be needed to design and build things as the population grows. For example, they will need to fix and replace buildings and roads as they continue to become old, unsafe, and worn out.

Some job openings will occur to replace those who go to other jobs or leave the labor force. Job openings will also depend on where you live. There may not be as many jobs when the economy is doing poorly. This is because there is often less construction at such times.

Are there other jobs like this?

• Agricultural and food scientists
• Architects
• Biological scientists
• Chemists
• Computer and information systems managers
• Engineering and natural sciences managers
• Environmental scientists
• Geoscientists
• Sales engineers
• Science technicians

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

What is this job like?

A global positioning system that can pinpoint a car's location. Giant generators that can power entire cities. A new design for an airplane's electrical system. Electrical and electronics engineers work on high-tech projects like these.

Electrical engineers design new and better electronics. They also test equipment and solve problems. A project starts by deciding what the new electronics will do. Then, the engineer designs the circuits and other parts of the electronics. Engineers might draw their designs using a computer.

Later, the engineers test their designs and make them better. Many projects don't work at first. The engineers have to figure out why and then fix them.

Electrical engineers work on many kinds of products. They might work on cars, robots, cell phone systems, the lighting and wiring in buildings, and radar and navigation systems, for example.

Engineers work in offices, labs, or industrial plants. Many work a normal 40-hour week. At times, they work longer to meet deadlines.

How do you get ready?

You need a college degree in engineering for almost all engineering jobs.

Getting into engineering school takes good grades in math and science. Students also need courses in English, social studies, and computers.

Engineers should be creative, curious, logical, and detail-oriented. They should also be able to work as part of a team.

How much does this job pay?

The middle half of electrical engineers earned between $60,640 and $94,050 in 2006. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $49,120. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $115,240.

The middle half of electronics engineers earned between $64,440 and $99,630. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $52,050. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $119,900.

How many jobs are there?

There were about 291,000 electrical and electronics engineers in 2006. Many worked for companies that make medical machines, communications equipment, or electronics.

What about the future?

Electrical engineers should have good job prospects. Jobs for electrical engineers are expected to grow more slowly than the average for all occupations through 2016. There will be a need for more electronic devices like giant electric power generators and wireless phone transmitters.

Are there other jobs like this?

• Aerospace engineers
• Civil engineers
• Computer hardware engineers
• Industrial engineers
• Mechanical engineers

Where can you find more information? More BLS information about electrical and electronics engineers can be found in the Occupational Outlook Handbook. The Handbook also shows where to find out even more about this job.

COMPUTER SUPPORT SPECIALIST

WHAT IS THIS JOB LIKE?

When people have computer trouble, they ask these workers for help. Computer support specialists help people use computers. When something goes wrong, support specialists figure out why. Then, they try to fix it.

Many support specialists answer questions over the phone or by e-mail. Others also help people face-to-face. To answer a problem over the phone, the specialist takes the person through the necessary steps to fix the problem using their own computer. Computer support specialists also install printers, software, and other computer tools. Then, they teach people how to use them. Sometimes, they write instruction books. Some specialists check computer systems every day to make sure they are working well. To be good at these jobs, workers need to be good listeners and good at solving problems. Computer specialists may work for the company that makes the computer software or for the place that uses certain computer software, such as a school. They may assist other employees at the company or the customers of that company. They also may be asked by the maker of the software for feedback on good or bad things about the product, since they work with it daily. Most computer specialists work in offices or computer labs. They spend a long time sitting in front of computers. This can strain their back, wrists, and eyes. Computer specialists normally work a 40-hour work week, but that can include being "on call" by phone when they are not on their shift. Some specialists work at night or on weekends.

HOW DO YOU GET READY?

There are many ways to become a computer support specialist. Having a degree might make it easier to get jobs. Some people earn an associate degree. Some employers prefer to hire people who earn a bachelor's degree.

Passing a certification test is another way to prepare for jobs. Computer companies and associations offer these tests. Experience working with computers is also important. Workers need to learn new computer skills throughout their careers. If you are interested in this job, you can start getting ready now by learning about computers in school, in the library, or on your own. Studying math is also important because it helps people learn to solve problems. Learning to read and speak well is useful, too.

HOW MUCH DOES THIS JOB PAY?

In 2006, the middle half of these workers earned between $32,110 and $53,640. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $25,290. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $68,540.

HOW MANY JOBS ARE THERE?

In 2006, there were about 552,000 computer support specialists. They worked in businesses, schools, government, and many other places.

WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE?

More of these workers will be needed because the number of computers and their level of complexity are rising. Workers will also be needed to teach people how to use new tools and programs. In fact, support specialist jobs are expected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations between 2006 and 2016.

Computer support specialists who have a strong background in computers and are up to date with the latest skills will have the best chance of getting a job.

ARE THERE OTHER JOBS LIKE THIS?

• Computer programmers
• Computer scientists
• Computer software engineers
• Database administrators
• Systems analysts

WHERE CAN YOU FIND MORE INFORMATION? More BLS information about computer support specialists and systems administrators can be found in the Occupational Outlook Handbook. The Handbook also shows where to find out even more about this job.

IT'S YOUR TURN: WHAT TO ASK AN INTERVIEWER

The interviewer asks you, "Do you have any questions for me?"

You say ... "Yes!"

This is the easiest interview question out there. Always say yes.

Asking questions shows that you're interested in the job. It also gives you a chance to show how knowledgeable you are about the position and the industry. Most important, it lets you highlight why you're the perfect candidate. You have to choose your questions carefully, though, depending on who's doing the interviewing. An excellent question for a recruiter might be inappropriate for an executive. And you don't want to ask your potential boss something that's best suited for a future coworker.

Also, there are certain questions you should never ask early in the interview process -- no matter whom you're meeting. Don't ask about salary, vacation, 401(k) or anything else that might make you seem more interested in the compensation than the company.

This article shares questions appropriate for every type of interviewer.

The Recruiter: The 'Big Picture' Person

It's the recruiter's job to identify strong candidates and guide them through the hiring process. Think of the recruiter as the "big picture" person. They can give you an overview of the company and the department as a whole. (Save very specific questions about the job for the hiring manager.) The recruiter is also the best person to answer questions about the hiring process.

Some questions to ask the recruiter:

• How would you describe the company culture?
• What type of employees tend to excel at this company?
• Can you tell me more about the interview process?

The Hiring Manager: Your Future Boss

The hiring manager will likely supervise you if you get the job.

They're the most knowledgeable people about the position and its requirements. You should direct specific questions about the job, its responsibilities and its challenges to them. You may also want to ask what kind of candidate they're seeking.

Some questions to ask the hiring manager:

• What are the most important skills for the job?
• How would you describe your ideal candidate?
• What's a common career path at the company for someone in this role?

The Executive: The Industry Expert

Senior managers and executives are likely to be most knowledgeable about the latest happenings in their industry. If you'll be working closely with an executive, you can ask them some specifics about the job. But you should focus most of your questions on the future of the company and the industry. This is your chance to show off your industry knowledge!

Some questions to ask a senior manager or executive:

• How do you think this industry will change in the next five years?
• What do you think gives this company an edge over its competitors?
• What's the company's biggest challenge? How is it planning to meet that challenge?

The Coworker: The Straight-Talker

Some interviews will also include a meeting with a potential coworker -- the interviewer most likely to "tell it how it is." A potential colleague may be most candid about the job, its challenges and the work environment. However, don't expect inside information --and certainly don't ask for it.

Some questions to ask a potential coworker:

• What's a typical day like in the department?
• How would you describe the work environment at the company?
• What's the most enjoyable part of your job? What's the most challenging part?

www.hotjobs.yahoo.com

FOUR QUESTIONS TO ASK A POTENTIAL MANAGER

Happiness on the job sometimes comes down to one person: Your manager.

Your manager can matter more than money, title or benefits. People don't always quit jobs, they sometimes quit bosses. Many workers leave a position because they're unhappy with their bosses.

On the other hand, if you genuinely like and respect your boss, your job can be rewarding, fulfilling and even fun. But how can you ensure that you and your potential boss will get along?

While there are no guarantees, you can often recognize a boss who's right for you -- if you ask the right questions.

The Ideal Employee Do you want to know what your potential manager will expect from you? Ask her, "What's your ideal employee like?" If her ideal employee works long hours on a regular basis, expect to do the same. If her ideal employee is someone who never questions procedure, don't plan to arrive and immediately implement new ideas.

If her ideal employee works independently, rest assured that you won't be micro-managed.

You're likely to be happier on the job if you and your potential manager have similar working styles. After all, everyone deserves a manager who thinks that they're the ideal employee.

The Skinny on the Staff

You can tell a lot about your potential manager from his staff.

Ask him, "Can you tell me about the people I'd be working with? How long have you worked with them?"

Pay attention to how well your potential boss seems to know his staff. Can he list their individual accomplishments? Is he proud of them?

Note his tone and energy when he talks about his team. Does he sound upbeat and positive? Or is there a hint of frustration or disappointment in his voice?

Also note how long his staff has worked with him. High turnover can be a red flag, and happy employees are more likely to stay put.

Results and Rewards

Do you want to excel on the job? If so, then you need to know how a potential manager defines excellence.

Ask her, "How do you measure success on the job?"

You may be accountable to complete projects to deadline and under budget. Or perhaps you'll need to reach a certain benchmark in your performance, for example a dollar value in revenue or a percentage of satisfied customers.

You should also ask about the typical career path for an employee who successfully meets his goals. After all, you want to work for a manager who recognizes and rewards excellence.

A Problem Solved

Sooner or later, a problem will arise. And you need to know how a potential manager will handle it.

Ask him, "What's your approach to solving problems?"

Knowing how a potential manager solves problems can give you insight into his management style.

Does he prefer to take charge and make a decision independently?

Does he delegate the decision to a staff member? Or does he favor a more collaborative style of problem solving?

Finally, keep in mind that a potential boss' overall attitude toward answering questions can be very telling about his management style. If he's open to questions and answers thoughtfully, he's likely also open to exploring and improving his working relationships. And that's one quality that makes for a great manager.

By Caroline Levchuck

MINOR MATTERS THAT MAKE YOUR INTERVIEW

Preparing for an interview can be stressful -- and time-consuming. You can spend days researching a company, brainstorming answers to "trick" questions and preparing your portfolio.

With so much to do, it's easy to forget the practical details that can distinguish a successful interview from a tragic one.

This article focuses on the minor matters that job seekers often overlook before they sit down in the interview hot seat.

Getting Your Interview Gear Ready

Lay out your clothing in advance. You don't want to be frantically searching for a missing sock or clean shirt on the day of the interview.

Make sure your outfit is clean and neatly pressed and take care of other time-consuming chores (polishing your shoes, trimming your nails) the day before the interview if possible.

Also, gather all the other important materials you'll need for the interview in one place, where you will be sure not to forget them. You might include copies of your resume, references and directions.

Just Call Me "Dragon Breath"

Your parents were right: You don't do as well on an empty stomach.

Make sure you eat before the interview. You don't need to have a huge meal. In fact, a heavy meal or one loaded with carbs can make you feel sluggish and lethargic. But a light meal or snack will ensure that your stomach doesn't start rumbling loudly just as you're about to discuss your most brilliant accomplishment.

If your interview isn't until later in the day, steer clear of stinky bards, such as onions and garlic.

Whatever you plan to eat before the interview should be followed by some mouthwash and a good brushing.

Have Interview, Will Travel

The day of the big interview is not the time to try out a new shortcut or investigate an unfamiliar area.

Make sure you know how to get to your interview in advance. Make a practice run the day before if necessary.

Also, find out exactly where you'll need to go when you arrive at the company.

If you're lucky, you'll walk through the front door and find the receptionist waiting. If you're not so lucky, you'll need to find your way to Lot 8, Building 9, Floor 10, Suite D, Room 125 -- so be sure you know how to get there.

Eyes and Ears Are Everywhere

When it comes to interviewing, a little paranoia can be a good thing.

Your interview starts in the parking lot, so be conscious of your surroundings. Any onlooker could be one of your interviewers. Act accordingly.

Be courteous and professional to everyone you meet, from the security guard to the receptionist. If you make small talk with strangers, be positive and pleasant. This isn't the time to complain about the "funny smell in the lobby" or a long wait for an elevator.

Lastly, turn off your cell phone.

By Erin Hovanec

HOW TO ANSWER THE TOUGHEST INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

You know they're coming: Those seemingly unanswerable questions that pop up during job interviews.

You can't clam up. And you don't want to stutter and stammer. So what's a job seeker to do?

The 'Future' Question

Otherwise known as the "big picture" question, the future question goes something like this: "Where do you see yourself in five years?"

The best tactic: Talk about your values.

Don't get too detailed about your specific career plan. Instead, discuss things that are important to you professionally and how you plan to achieve them. If growth is a goal, mention that. You can also talk about challenge, another value that employers prize in their employees.

The 'Salary' Question

Most people will tell you that whoever answers this question first loses. But that's not necessarily true.

When an interviewer asks your salary requirement, try first to gently deflect the question by inquiring about the salary for the position.

If the interviewer presses you for a number, give a range. To decide on a range, think about the salary you want, your salary at your most recent position and the industry-standard salary for the job.

The bottom line: The salary question is one of the most important, so you should prepare for it in advance and plan what to say.

The 'Why' Question

There's a fine line between boastful and confident. And you need to learn it.

When an interviewer asks you why they should hire you, you're going to have speak confidently and honestly about your abilities. But you should avoid sounding overly boastful.

Aim for earnest and prepare by practicing. That's right: Stand in front of the mirror and acknowledge your abilities and accomplishments to your reflection. Tell yourself: I have a very strong work ethic. I have integrity. I have excellent industry contacts. I aggressively pursue my goals.

It's sometimes hard to praise yourself, but after a few sessions you'll sound sincere.

The Seemingly Silly Question

If you were a tree, what kind of tree would you be? What if you were a car? Or an animal?

These type of questions can bring your interview to a screeching halt.

First, don't panic. Pause and take a deep breath. Then remind yourself that there's no "right" answer to these questions. The job isn't hinging on whether you choose to be a spruce versus an oak.

Interviewers usually ask these questions to see how you react under pressure and how well you handle the unexpected. It's not so important what type of tree (or car, or animal) you choose as that you explain your choice in a way that makes you look favorable.

So, be a spruce -- because you want to reach new heights in your career. Or be an oak -- because you plan to put down roots at the company. Either way, you'll get it right.

By Caroline Levchuck, for Yahoo Hot Jobs.

CREATING AND E-MAILING A PLAIN TEXT RESUME

Unlike Microsoft Word and other word processors, plain text does not allow bold, italics or different fonts. While it may seem boring, this simplicity allows recruiters to view resumes the same way regardless of the software they use.

Tools You'll Need

If you don't already have a text editor (and most people with computers do), you can get one for free online.

As far as text editors go, I like two in particular:

1. Notepad: If you're running Microsoft Windows software on your computer, chances are you have Notepad, which is Microsoft's default text editor.

2. NoteTab Light: If you don't have Notepad or can't find it on your computer, you can download NoteTab Light for free here: http://download.com.com/3000-2352-8235248.html?tag=lst-0-4

Creating Your Plain Text Resume

There are two ways you can enter your resume into a text editor.

• From scratch: Once you've found a text editor, start it up and begin typing in your resume. Keep the organization clean and simple as you will not be able to use bold, italics or fonts in different sizes.

• Copy and paste: If you cut and paste a formatted resume into a text editor, you'll notice that a lot of the formatting will be lost. Your font will be uniform and any text with bold or italics will be replaced with plain text.

If you are using a text editor, your document should automatically be saved as text. Double check this by making sure your document has a ".txt" file extension.

Also, text editors do not typically have spell check. So, copy and paste your text resume into Microsoft Word or another word processing program with spell check. Spell check the document. Be sure to make any necessary changes to the text document and save it again.

Creating a Plain-Text E-Mail

If a job description asks you to include a plain-text resume in the body of an e-mail, make sure your e-mail software is set to send plain text. Otherwise, your e-mail browser will add formatting to your resume and the recruiter may assume you didn't follow instructions.

The method for sending a plain-text e-mail depends on the e-mail program you're using. I've included directions for some major e-mail programs below. If your e-mail program isn't listed, look in the "help" section of your e-mail or consider calling your Internet Service Provider.

• Yahoo! Mail: Create a new e-mail. At the bottom of the e- mail, click the "plain text" button. Then, simply copy and paste your resume into the e-mail. You may have to make some minor formatting changes.

• Hotmail: Create a new e-mail, in the pull-down field labeled "Tools" make sure the "Rich Text Editor" is off. You'll be able to tell if you've successfully turned the Rich Text Editor off as all the formatting options will disappear from your composition screen. You may have to make some minor formatting changes.

• Microsoft Outlook: Create a new e-mail, click on the "Format" button and choose the "Plain Text" option. Then, simply copy and paste your resume into the new e-mail. You may have to make some minor changes, but most of your formatting should remain intact.

Helpful Formatting Tips

• Use all caps to make headers stand out from body text. Since plain text does not allow for bold and italics, it can be difficult to distinguish between resume sections. I use all capital letters for "OBJECTIVE," "WORK EXPERIENCE" and "EDUCATION" to give them prominence.

• You can use bullets in a plain-text document, but it's not as easy as clicking a button. If you want to use a bullet point in your plain-text resume, copy and paste this bullet (

• ) without the parentheses into your resume. Otherwise, you can use an asterisk (*) or dashes (--).

• Avoid using the "Tab" key, because plain text when saved may not retain the tab command. Instead, use the space bar.

• Always e-mail a copy of your plain-text resume to yourself before sending it to a recruiter. This gives you a chance to see the resume as the recruiter will see it.

By Christopher Jones for Yahoo Hot Jobs

DISCUSSING SALARY

At some point during your job search, you will likely be asked about your salary history -- how much you're making at your current job, and how much you made previously. Should you tell? Is there any way to avoid telling? And why do potential employers want to know, anyway?

When forming a response to these questions, it helps to understand employers' reasons for asking.

Employers tend to use your past pay as a gauge of your market value, says Richard Phillips, a career coach and owner of Advantage Career Solutions in Palo Alto, California. They also want a sense of what salary you'll be expecting. If it's tens of thousands of dollars more than the employer can pay for the position, it's probably not worth wasting your time or the employer's on further discussions.

"It's a way to figure out if we are all playing in the same league," Phillips says.

Play Your Cards Right

Of course, this information also gives the employer a leg up in the negotiation process. "We're going to play poker," Phillips says. "You're going to show every other card of yours, and I'm not going to show any of my cards."

Because of this, Phillips recommends not offering salary history in an initial written application. If you're filling out an application, put dashes in the box for salary history, indicating that you saw it, he says. If you're responding to a job posting that says to send in a resume and salary history, just send the resume. If the employer is interested, someone will call to ask for more information.

"Then you're in a dialogue," Phillips says. At this point, instead of telling the employer your current or past salary, ask what range they expect to pay for the position. You could also offer to provide your desired salary range.

The Strategy Could Backfire

This approach does have pitfalls. First, some employers may not call, choosing instead to focus on applicants who provided the information on the application.

"My take on it is that if you are a qualified candidate and they are going to ignore you because you did not send in your salary history, you do not want to work for that organization," Phillips says.

Even if you make it to the conversation stage, simply stating your expectations may not work.

Tell the Truth

"They could say any number for an expectation," says David, an independent staffing consultant who focuses on high tech companies. When David talks to candidates, he asks for their salary history. "Everybody I talk to ends up giving that information out."

David is looking not only at whether the candidate is likely to be happy with the salary the company can offer, but also at whether the person has received raises when changing jobs. She also notes that employers can verify this information, so it's critical to tell the truth.

In the end, Phillips says, it's not usually a problem to give the employer the information. If bonuses or stock options were part of your pay package, mention this when you give salary numbers -- it could make a case for paying you more. If you know the position you're interviewing for pays less than you're making and you're OK with that, say so.

And remember that when the company actually makes an offer, you can still negotiate.

by Margaret Steen, for Yahoo! HotJobs

POWER NETWORKING TIPS

Two ways to Network your way to a new Position

1. If you know any prospective employer, and you have the opportunity of meeting them, at any occasion,do not hesitate to take your resume to them at the occasion, and start meeting people. Let them know what you'd like to be doing for them, they might offer to create a position just for you that uses your skills. Or at least agree to let you interview. You'll never know what good things might happen unless you go and find out!

2. In addition to meeting employers, try to exchange business cards and resumes with other job seekers. Why? They might be leaving a company that's looking for someone just like you! Or they might know someone that has a position for you, or is looking for someone with your skills.

Written by Schi-baba

HACKING THE HIDDEN JOB MARKET

Majority of the times, the best jobs are not advertised in the papers. And those that are will trigger in a flood of resumes, putting you in competition against thousands of other candidates.

Instead you should try hacking the hidden job market. Here are two ways to do just that.

1. Apply directly to a company that suits you. This is so obvious that very few people do it, which means you will have far less competition.

   Simply identify the companies you would like to work for, then address your Resumes to the Human Resource Manager of that company, or the person in charge of recruiting.

   Spend some time researching these firms. You would want to familiarize yourself with the each companies products, services, markets and competitors. Most importantly, always come up with at least one suggestion on how your target company's can increase revenue or solve a problem.

   Next send a personalized letter and Resume to each employer. Follow up with another letter or email, if you don't hear back from them in 10-14 working days.

2. Use your personal network. This is often the most effective (and under-used) job search technique.

   Tell everyone you know that you are looking for a job. Call every friend, relative and acquaintance in your address book. If each person can't help you, ask them if they know someone else who can. Your network will soon become massive. Eventually, someone should be able to put you in touch with a decision maker who can hire you.

   Even former employers can help. If you parted on good terms with your last boss, he or she might be able to refer you to hiring managers in other companies who can help.

Written by Schi-baba

FIRST SEND A RESUME, Then FOLLOW UP

You've found your dream job.

You spot the job posting, craft a winning resume and e-mail it to the recruiter. Then the waiting game begins.

After you've sent a resume, it's tempting to sit back and hope the recruiter will call. But -- make no mistake -- you SHOULD follow up. You just need to figure out when and how to do it.

Wait a Week, Recruiters Say

The ideal amount of time to wait before following up on a resume you've sent: One week.

The majority of recruiters (53 percent) say candidates should wait one week before following up, according to a HotJobs survey.

Some recruiters prefer you act sooner: Twenty-one percent said candidates should wait less than one week. And others prefer you wait longer: Eight percent said candidates should wait two weeks.

And some even rather that you wait for them to call you. Nineteen percent of recruiters surveyed said they preferred to contact candidates, rather than for candidates to contact them.

Your best bet? Go with the majority opinion and wait a week.

Send a Short E-Mail Message

E-mail is a great follow-up tool because it not only lets you remind the recruiter that you've applied for a job, but it also lets you submit a resume again without seeming too pushy.

A week after you've submitted a resume, send the recruiter an e-mail to follow up.

Use these tips to write your follow-up e-mail:

• Put your full name and the title of the position you've applied for in the subject line.

• Write a professional note that reiterates your qualifications and interest in the job.

• Attached your resume again. (Don't make the recruiter have to dig though old e-mails to look for it.)

• Include your full name in the file name of your resume.

• Don't forget to proofread carefully before you hit "Send"!

Phone With a Friendly Reminder

If you decide to follow up on a resume over the phone, be sure to rehearse what you want to say to the recruiter.

Keep it short and sweet. Introduce yourself and remind the recruiter that you submitted a resume recently. Make sure you state exactly what job you're interested in. You can also ask if they received your resume and if they're still considering candidates for the position.

If you get a recorded message, you may want to call again later. Call a few times in hopes of speaking with a real, live recruiter before resorting to leaving a message.

You also need to know even to put down the phone. Calling recruiters repeatedly isn't going to make them more likely to call you back. It's probably just going to irritate them.

Almost half (47 percent) of recruiters claim that their biggest pet peeve is candidates who keep calling them, according to a HotJobs survey.

Should You Just Resend Your Resume?

Have a few weeks passed since you sent a resume and you still haven't heard from the recruiter? Are you considering simply reapplying for the position?

Don't.

Recruiters usually keep resumes on file, and they'll likely discover that you've already sent one. Worse, they may think that you didn't even realize that you'd already applied for a position.

Only resend your resume to a recruiter when you want to apply for a different position at a company. Otherwise, you should e-mail or call to follow up.

By Erin Hovanec

EFFECTIVE RESUME DEBATE

Are you for job objectives or against them?

Most job seekers -- and even career experts -- have strong opinions.

Those in favor say objectives are the simplest, quickest way to target a specific position. Those against charge that objectives waste valuable space and limit you to just one position when you might be qualified for others.

Whether you are pro- or anti-objective, here are tips for writing a resume that will grab recruiters' attention from the get-go.

Putting Your Goal on Paper

Job objectives work best for two types of job seekers:

• Those who know exactly what job they want, and

• Those whose career goal isn't obvious on their resumes.

If you include an objective, place it directly under your name and contact information. An objective typically begins with "to." For example, "Objective: To obtain a position ... "

Your objective should be simple, specific and brief -- no more than two or three lines. It should highlight what you have to offer the company, such as a specific skill or experience. A recruiter is more interested in what you can give the company than what you hope to get from it.

Here's an example of an effective job objective:

Objective: To obtain an entry-level account management position in financial services utilizing my strong analytical and interpersonal skills.

Review your objective each time you send a resume and make sure it fits the job you're applying for. Just as you should have several versions of your resume, you should also have several versions of your job objective.

Summarizing Your Skills

Not 100 percent sure what job you want? Then you may find a summary statement more effective than an objective.

While an objective focuses on the job, a summary statement focuses on the job seeker.

A summary statement is a one- to two-sentence overview that captures the essence of your skills and experience. It highlights what makes you a qualified candidate as well as what makes you different (and better) than other applicants.

Tailor your summary statement to highlight the experience that is most relevant to the job.

Here's an example of a strong summary statement.

Summary: Public relations professional with five years of experience managing PR campaigns across multiple media, working with national and local press and coordinating large-scale events.

Highlighting Your Achievements

Sometimes a job objective is too targeted. And sometimes a summary statement is too short to highlight all your accomplishments.

If that's the case, you have another option: A summary of qualifications.

A summary of qualifications is similar to a summary statement, but differs in two key ways:

1. It's formatted as a list of items rather than a single statement, and

2. It highlights specific accomplishments rather than general achievements.

It's most useful for job seekers who have a long work history or who are applying for senior positions. It's an effective way to highlight the most important, relevant parts of a long, detailed resume.

This section goes by many names, like "Key Accomplishments" and "Career Highlights." It's placed just where a job objective or summary statement is, under your contact information.

A summary of qualifications is a list of your most significant career accomplishments. For maximum effectiveness, the list should include no more than five items and be results-oriented.

The summary of qualifications is usually a list of short phrases. You can use a bulleted list, with each qualification on its own line. Or, to conserve space, you can arrange them in paragraph format, with a period after each one.

Here's an example of an effective summary of qualifications.

Summary of Qualifications

• Skilled pharmaceutical sales manager/executive with nine years sales experience and advanced degree in biology.

• Consistently surpassed annual revenue goals by 35 percent-plus.

• Named 2001 "Salesperson on the Year." Managed regional sales staff of 175.

Job objectives, summary statements, summaries of qualifications -- all are useful resume options. Your best choice will depend on your experience and the type of job you're interested in.

By Erin Hovanec

4 CAREER RISKS WORTH TAKING

Taking calculated risks in you career can help you reach your goals. Below are some of the common career risks that you may grapple with, and how to weigh your options.

RISK: Going Back to School

Making the financial and time commitment to go back to school for an advanced degree or certification can feel overwhelming. Factoring into the equation family responsibilities or not being able to quit your job to focus on school can make furthering your education feel like a heavier burden.

Weighing your options: "First you need to know your end goal and what you are trying to achieve by going back to school, such as a raise or changing career paths," advises career coach Hallie Crawford. "Next, determine if going back to school helps you achieve this goal by talking to your boss and mentors. In some fields an advanced degree matters, in others it really doesn't."

RISK: Changing Careers

So many people hate their jobs yet toil away daily because sticking with the familiar feels safe. There are a number of reasons why people are unhappy on the job, including being in a profession that does not utilize their passions and interests.

Weighing your options: With increased company layoffs, no one is immune to losing a job. Finding work that you love should be a priority in your career. Mitigate the risk of career change by doing research before you make the leap so that you'll know what to expect from your new career in terms of salary changes, and what the work is really like.

"There's always some amount of risk, but if you are truly unhappy the risk is worth it," says Crawford.

RISK: Saying 'No' to Added Responsibility

If your boss is saddling you with more responsibility with a project or promotion, be sure you understand exactly what that will mean for your success. Not all promotions are created equal, and you can quickly become the office doormat if you constantly take on projects that may not have high enough visibility to move your career forward.

Weighing your options: Saying no to more money or recognition is often hard to justify. Your friends, family, and colleagues may think you're crazy for passing up a promotion. But you have to follow your gut instincts. In weighing your options, ask yourself if this project or promotion will really move your forward.

RISK: Starting a Business

More people are going into business for themselves than ever before. Many dream of being their own boss but find the risk of giving up a regular paycheck, health insurance, and retirement accounts too high.

Weighing your options: Do your research (including health care options), save money, and build contacts in your industry while you're still working in your current job.

"Business ownership is a risk and it's not for the faint of heart," says business coach Dresdene Flynn-White. "However, the risks can be mitigated by financial and mental preparation. If someone wants to learn about business ownership, they should work part time in a small business to get that reality check."

written by Denene Brox, for Yahoo! HotJobs

SEARCHING FOR THEJOB YOU WANT

Thanks to the Internet, searching for a job is much easier. Ill give a couple of links her that will lead you to your dream JOB. Do keep searching for other related links on line too.

http://nigeriancareersonline.com/ http://www.nairaland.com/ http://deoluakinyemi.com/categoryjob-blog/ http://blog.careersnigeria.com/ http://www.recruitpath.com/ http://www.careersnigeria.com/ http://www.naijahotjobs.com/ http://www.nigerianjobs.blogspot.com/ http://www.2nigeria.com/ http://www.jidaw.com/nigeria/career.html http://www.nigeriajobsonline.com/ http://www.nigeriagalleria.com/

These are just a couple of links that you could visit on daily basis, to Post Resumes, and search for updated list of jobs you can apply for in Nigeria. The papers cannot be left out of this. Continue checking off line(News Papers) for recent job openingins. But be rest assured that what you see in the papers will already be posted in one of the sites listed above.

By Schi-baba